Programas de prevención del suicidio en personas mayores: una revisión sistemática de la literatura

Autores/as

  • Tiago Ambrósio Carrasqueira Universidade Lusófona - Centro Universitário Lisboa https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3377-7007
  • Pedro Machado dos Santos - P.M.S.
  • Mónica Teixeira

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15257/

Resumen

El suicidio en las personas mayores constituye un importante problema de salud pública, asociado a factores clínicos, psicológicos y sociales. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar programas de prevención del suicidio dirigidos a personas de 60 o más años y evaluar su eficacia. Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las directrices PRISMA 2020, mediante búsquedas en Web of Science, Scopus, B-On, SciELO, JSTOR y RCAAP/ReCIL, considerando estudios publicados entre 2013 y 2025. De los 612 artículos inicialmente identificados, 11 cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Los resultados indican que las intervenciones psicoterapéuticas, los programas de promoción de la resiliencia, la formación de profesionales como gatekeepers, las intervenciones digitales y las estrategias orientadas al fortalecimiento de los vínculos sociales pueden contribuir a reducir la ideación suicida y otros factores de riesgo asociados. Asimismo, se observaron mejoras en síntomas depresivos, desesperanza, aislamiento social y calidad de vida. Sin embargo, la evidencia presenta una considerable heterogeneidad metodológica y escasez de estudios longitudinales. Se concluye que los programas más prometedores son aquellos que integran componentes psicológicos, sociales, institucionales y comunitarios, siendo necesario reforzar la investigación y la evaluación de intervenciones adaptadas a las necesidades de las personas mayores.

 

Palabras clave: prevención del suicidio; personas mayores; ideación suicida; programas de intervención; revisión sistemática.

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Biografía del autor/a

  • Pedro Machado dos Santos - P.M.S.

    Pedro Manuel Carvalho Machado dos Santos is an Assistant Professor at Universidade Lusófona,

    Portugal, where he serves as Director of the Master's Programme in Social Gerontology: Quality of

    Gerontological Programmes and Services. He also contributes to the Erasmus Mundus Joint

    Master's Programme HYGIEIA – Health and Wellbeing Across the Lifespan.

    He holds a PhD in Biomedical Sciences from ICBAS – School of Medicine and Biomedical

    Sciences, University of Porto (Portugal), a Master's Degree in Social Gerontology from the

    Autonomous University of Madrid (Spain), and a Bachelor's Degree in Psychology from the

    University of Lisbon (Portugal). He is a Clinical and Health Psychologist and Psychodynamic

    Psychotherapist, accredited by the Portuguese Psychologists Association as a Specialist in Clinical

    and Health Psychology and an Advanced Specialist in Neuropsychology, Psychogerontology and

    Community Psychology. He has also served as an accredited trainer for the Portuguese

    Psychologists Association since 2017.

    He is a researcher at RISE-Health - Research Network in Health (ICBAS, University of Porto). He

    has collaborated with national and international institutions, including the World Health

    Organization, on projects related to mental health, healthy ageing and health systems strengthening.

    His research focuses on healthy ageing, mental health, psychodynamic psychotherapy,

    implementation science, and the development and evaluation of health and social care programmes

    and services. He works closely with multidisciplinary teams of researchers, clinicians and policy-

    makers to develop, implement and evaluate evidence-informed initiatives that strengthen health

    systems and improve population wellbeing across the life course.

  • Mónica Teixeira

    Mónica Alexandra Vidal Teixeira is an Assistant Professor at Universidade Lusófona –

    Porto University Centre, where she teaches in the Bachelor's Degree in Social Work and

    in the Master's Programme in Social Gerontology: Quality of Gerontological Programmes

    and Services. She is currently pursuing an Interuniversity PhD in Social Work at the

    Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Coimbra and the

    Portuguese Catholic University.

    She holds a PhD in Gerontology from the University of Aveiro and the Abel Salazar

    Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (2016), a Master's Degree in

    Gerontology from the University of Aveiro (2008), a Specialist Title in Social Work and

    Guidance awarded by the Polytechnic Institute of Leiria (2017), and a Bachelor's Degree

    in Social Work from the Miguel Torga Higher Institute (1998).

    Alongside her academic career, she has extensive professional experience in the social

    sector, having held positions in technical management, coordination and social

    intervention in services for older adults, particularly Day Care Centres and Home Care

    Services.

    Her main research interests focus on ageing and longevity, older adults' quality of life,

    long-term care, interventions in residential care settings, person-centred care, decision-

    making in social and health services, ethics and citizenship, gerontological social work,

    loneliness and social participation, collaborative housing, and community-based

    responses to population ageing.

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Publicado

2026-10-25

Número

2027: Avance nº 28

Sección

Artículos

Cómo citar

Programas de prevención del suicidio en personas mayores: una revisión sistemática de la literatura. (2026). EHQUIDAD. Revista Internacional de Políticas de Bienestar y Trabajo Social, 28. https://doi.org/10.15257/